Tenses

Oke, saya buat penjelasan tenses bahasa Inggris dengan cara yang mudah dipelajari. Banyak orang bingung karena ada 12 tenses utama, padahal intinya cuma 3 waktu dasar: Present (sekarang), Past (lampau), Future (akan datang).
Masing-masing waktu punya 4 bentuk: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.

---

⏳ PENJELASAN TENSES MUDAH

🔹 1. Present Tense (Sekarang)

1. Simple Present → kebiasaan, fakta, rutinitas
   🔹 Rumus: S + V1 (s/es untuk he/she/it)
   ✍️ I go to school every day.

2. Present Continuous → sedang berlangsung sekarang
   🔹 Rumus: S + am/is/are + V-ing
   ✍️ She is reading a book now.

3. Present Perfect → sudah terjadi, tapi waktu tidak jelas / masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang
   🔹 Rumus: S + have/has + V3
   ✍️ I have eaten breakfast.

4. Present Perfect Continuous → sudah mulai di masa lalu & masih berlanjut sekarang
   🔹 Rumus: S + have/has + been + V-ing
   ✍️ They have been studying for 2 hours.

---

🔹 2. Past Tense (Lampau)

1. Simple Past → kejadian selesai di masa lalu (ada waktunya)
   🔹 Rumus: S + V2
   ✍️ I visited Bali last year.

2. Past Continuous → kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu
   🔹 Rumus: S + was/were + V-ing
   ✍️ He was watching TV when I came.

3. Past Perfect → kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu
   🔹 Rumus: S + had + V3
   ✍️ I had eaten before they arrived.

4. Past Perfect Continuous → kejadian yang sudah berlangsung lama sebelum sesuatu di masa lalu
   🔹 Rumus: S + had + been + V-ing
   ✍️ She had been waiting for 2 hours before the train came.

---

🔹 3. Future Tense (Masa Depan)

1. Simple Future → akan terjadi
   🔹 Rumus: S + will + V1
   ✍️ I will call you tomorrow.

2. Future Continuous → sedang terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa depan
   🔹 Rumus: S + will + be + V-ing
   ✍️ This time tomorrow, I will be traveling to Jakarta.

3. Future Perfect → sudah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan
   🔹 Rumus: S + will + have + V3
   ✍️ By next year, I will have graduated.

4. Future Perfect Continuous → sudah berlangsung lama sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan
   🔹 Rumus: S + will + have + been + V-ing
   ✍️ By 2026, he will have been working here for 10 years.

---

🎯 CARA MUDAH BELAJAR

1. Ingat 3 waktu utama:

   • Present = sekarang

   • Past = lampau

   • Future = akan datang

2. Tambahkan keterangan:

   • Simple = fakta / kejadian tunggal

   • Continuous = sedang berlangsung

   • Perfect = sudah selesai

   • Perfect Continuous = sudah berlangsung lama

👉 Jadi pola dasarnya begini:

Waktu	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	I eat	I am eating	I have eaten	I have been eating
Past	I ate	I was eating	I had eaten	I had been eating
Future	I will eat	I will be eating	I will have eaten	I will have been eating

---

mindmap tenses

tabel ringkas 12 tenses + kata kunci waktu (time expressions) biar lebih mudah dipelajari:

---

📊 Ringkasan 12 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Tense	Rumus	Contoh Kalimat	Kata Kunci Waktu
1. Simple Present	S + V1 / V1+s/es	She plays guitar.	every day, always, usually, often, never
2. Present Continuous	S + am/is/are + V-ing	I am studying now.	now, right now, at the moment
3. Present Perfect	S + have/has + V3	They have finished the task.	already, just, yet, ever, never, recently
4. Present Perfect Continuous	S + have/has + been + V-ing	He has been working since morning.	since, for, all day, lately
5. Simple Past	S + V2	I visited Bali last year.	yesterday, last week, ago, in 2000
6. Past Continuous	S + was/were + V-ing	She was reading when I called.	while, when, at that time
7. Past Perfect	S + had + V3	I had eaten before he came.	before, after, by the time
8. Past Perfect Continuous	S + had + been + V-ing	They had been waiting for 2 hours before the bus arrived.	for, since, before, until then
9. Simple Future	S + will + V1	I will call you tomorrow.	tomorrow, next week, soon, later
10. Future Continuous	S + will + be + V-ing	This time tomorrow, I will be sleeping.	at this time tomorrow, next week at 7 PM
11. Future Perfect	S + will + have + V3	By next year, I will have graduated.	by tomorrow, by next year, before
12. Future Perfect Continuous	S + will + have + been + V-ing	By 2026, she will have been working here for 10 years.	for, since, by the time (future)

---

📍 Tips mengingat cepat:

• Simple → fakta/kebiasaan/kejadian tunggal

• Continuous → sedang berlangsung

• Perfect → sudah selesai

• Perfect Continuous → sudah berlangsung lama

---

Mau saya buatkan juga alur cerita visual (timeline sederhana) untuk membedakan ke-12 tenses ini berdasarkan garis waktu (past–present–future)?

Ini dia timeline visual 12 tenses 📊:

• Garis tengah = garis waktu (Past → Present → Future).

• Titik warna:

  • 🔴 Merah = Past Tenses

  • 🟢 Hijau = Present Tenses

  • 🟡 Kuning = Future Tenses

Masing-masing titik punya contoh kalimat supaya gampang dibandingkan.

Mau saya buatin juga versi latihan soal singkat (pilih tenses yang tepat) biar bisa langsung praktek?